Natural reduced water suppressed anxiety and protected the heightened oxidative stress in rats

Koji Masuda, Yoshihiro Tanaka, Masayuki Kanehisa, Taiga Ninomiya, Ayako Inoue, Haruka Higuma, Chiwa Kawashima, Mari Nakanishi, Kana Okamoto, Jotaro Akiyoshi Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Hasama-Machi, Oita, Japan Background: In Japan, the effects of reduced wa...

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Main Authors:	Masuda K, Tanaka Y, Kanehisa M, Ninomiya T, Inoue A, Higuma H, Kawashima C, Nakanishi M, Okamoto K, Akiyoshi J
Format:	article
Language:	EN
Published:	Dove Medical Press 2017
Subjects:	Anxiety Depression Rat Water Stress 8-OH-dG Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
Online Access:	https://doaj.org/article/e3042e36a9a8478d9bf2c2f9b8e7d5b4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e3042e36a9a8478d9bf2c2f9b8e7d5b42021-12-02T07:27:18ZNatural reduced water suppressed anxiety and protected the heightened oxidative stress in rats1178-2021https://doaj.org/article/e3042e36a9a8478d9bf2c2f9b8e7d5b42017-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/natural-reduced-water-suppressed-anxiety-and-protected-the-heightened--peer-reviewed-article-NDThttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-2021Koji Masuda, Yoshihiro Tanaka, Masayuki Kanehisa, Taiga Ninomiya, Ayako Inoue, Haruka Higuma, Chiwa Kawashima, Mari Nakanishi, Kana Okamoto, Jotaro Akiyoshi Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Hasama-Machi, Oita, Japan Background: In Japan, the effects of reduced water, such as hydrogen-rich electrolyzed reduced water and natural reduced water, like Hita Tenryosui water®, have been examined. The purpose of the present study was to identify the role of natural reduced water in anxiety and blood biochemical analysis.Materials and methods: Natural reduced water and distilled water were administered to rats for 180 consecutive days, and their effect on anxiety-like behavior and depression was examined by using elevated plus maze, light/dark, forced swimming, and conditioned fear tests. Before and after administration of natural reduced or distilled water, we performed blood and urine analyses.Results: Natural reduced water exhibited anxiolytic-like effects in the conditioned fear and elevated plus maze tests. The mean levels of urinary 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in the natural reduced water were significantly lower than the distilled water group. Natural reduced water group also showed decrease in blood–urea nitrogen levels compared with the distilled water group.Conclusion: These results indicate that natural reduced water may decrease anxiety-related behaviors and prevent heightened oxidative stress. Keywords: urea nitrogen, depression, Hita Tenryosui, conditioned fear, elevated plus maze, 8-OHdGMasuda KTanaka YKanehisa MNinomiya TInoue AHiguma HKawashima CNakanishi MOkamoto KAkiyoshi JDove Medical PressarticleAnxietyDepressionRatWaterStress8-OH-dGNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571Neurology. Diseases of the nervous systemRC346-429ENNeuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, Vol Volume 13, Pp 2357-2362 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Anxiety Depression Rat Water Stress 8-OH-dG Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
spellingShingle	Anxiety Depression Rat Water Stress 8-OH-dG Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429 Masuda K Tanaka Y Kanehisa M Ninomiya T Inoue A Higuma H Kawashima C Nakanishi M Okamoto K Akiyoshi J Natural reduced water suppressed anxiety and protected the heightened oxidative stress in rats
description	Koji Masuda, Yoshihiro Tanaka, Masayuki Kanehisa, Taiga Ninomiya, Ayako Inoue, Haruka Higuma, Chiwa Kawashima, Mari Nakanishi, Kana Okamoto, Jotaro Akiyoshi Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Hasama-Machi, Oita, Japan Background: In Japan, the effects of reduced water, such as hydrogen-rich electrolyzed reduced water and natural reduced water, like Hita Tenryosui water®, have been examined. The purpose of the present study was to identify the role of natural reduced water in anxiety and blood biochemical analysis.Materials and methods: Natural reduced water and distilled water were administered to rats for 180 consecutive days, and their effect on anxiety-like behavior and depression was examined by using elevated plus maze, light/dark, forced swimming, and conditioned fear tests. Before and after administration of natural reduced or distilled water, we performed blood and urine analyses.Results: Natural reduced water exhibited anxiolytic-like effects in the conditioned fear and elevated plus maze tests. The mean levels of urinary 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in the natural reduced water were significantly lower than the distilled water group. Natural reduced water group also showed decrease in blood–urea nitrogen levels compared with the distilled water group.Conclusion: These results indicate that natural reduced water may decrease anxiety-related behaviors and prevent heightened oxidative stress. Keywords: urea nitrogen, depression, Hita Tenryosui, conditioned fear, elevated plus maze, 8-OHdG
format	article
author	Masuda K Tanaka Y Kanehisa M Ninomiya T Inoue A Higuma H Kawashima C Nakanishi M Okamoto K Akiyoshi J
author_facet	Masuda K Tanaka Y Kanehisa M Ninomiya T Inoue A Higuma H Kawashima C Nakanishi M Okamoto K Akiyoshi J
author_sort	Masuda K
title	Natural reduced water suppressed anxiety and protected the heightened oxidative stress in rats
title_short	Natural reduced water suppressed anxiety and protected the heightened oxidative stress in rats
title_full	Natural reduced water suppressed anxiety and protected the heightened oxidative stress in rats
title_fullStr	Natural reduced water suppressed anxiety and protected the heightened oxidative stress in rats
title_full_unstemmed	Natural reduced water suppressed anxiety and protected the heightened oxidative stress in rats
title_sort	natural reduced water suppressed anxiety and protected the heightened oxidative stress in rats
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/e3042e36a9a8478d9bf2c2f9b8e7d5b4
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_version_	1718399432197668864

Natural reduced water suppressed anxiety and protected the heightened oxidative stress in rats

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