Words as Visual Objects: Neural and Behavioral Evidence for High-Level Visual Impairments in Dyslexia

Developmental dyslexia is defined by reading impairments that are disproportionate to intelligence, motivation, and the educational opportunities considered necessary for reading. Its cause has traditionally been considered to be a phonological deficit, where people have difficulties with differenti...

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Autores principales:	Heida Maria Sigurdardottir, Inga María Ólafsdóttir, Hélène Devillez
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	dyslexia face perception high-level vision object perception reading Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f53b0a9424a34fe69409dc5a987dc27e
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:f53b0a9424a34fe69409dc5a987dc27e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f53b0a9424a34fe69409dc5a987dc27e2021-11-25T16:57:00ZWords as Visual Objects: Neural and Behavioral Evidence for High-Level Visual Impairments in Dyslexia10.3390/brainsci111114272076-3425https://doaj.org/article/f53b0a9424a34fe69409dc5a987dc27e2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/11/11/1427https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3425Developmental dyslexia is defined by reading impairments that are disproportionate to intelligence, motivation, and the educational opportunities considered necessary for reading. Its cause has traditionally been considered to be a phonological deficit, where people have difficulties with differentiating the sounds of spoken language. However, reading is a multidimensional skill and relies on various cognitive abilities. These may include high-level vision—the processes that support visual recognition despite innumerable image variations, such as in viewpoint, position, or size. According to our high-level visual dysfunction hypothesis, reading problems of some people with dyslexia can be a salient manifestation of a more general deficit of high-level vision. This paper provides a perspective on how such non-phonological impairments could, in some cases, cause dyslexia. To argue in favor of this hypothesis, we will discuss work on functional neuroimaging, structural imaging, electrophysiology, and behavior that provides evidence for a link between high-level visual impairment and dyslexia.Heida Maria SigurdardottirInga María ÓlafsdóttirHélène DevillezMDPI AGarticledyslexiaface perceptionhigh-level visionobject perceptionreadingNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571ENBrain Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 1427, p 1427 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	dyslexia face perception high-level vision object perception reading Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
spellingShingle	dyslexia face perception high-level vision object perception reading Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Heida Maria Sigurdardottir Inga María Ólafsdóttir Hélène Devillez Words as Visual Objects: Neural and Behavioral Evidence for High-Level Visual Impairments in Dyslexia
description	Developmental dyslexia is defined by reading impairments that are disproportionate to intelligence, motivation, and the educational opportunities considered necessary for reading. Its cause has traditionally been considered to be a phonological deficit, where people have difficulties with differentiating the sounds of spoken language. However, reading is a multidimensional skill and relies on various cognitive abilities. These may include high-level vision—the processes that support visual recognition despite innumerable image variations, such as in viewpoint, position, or size. According to our high-level visual dysfunction hypothesis, reading problems of some people with dyslexia can be a salient manifestation of a more general deficit of high-level vision. This paper provides a perspective on how such non-phonological impairments could, in some cases, cause dyslexia. To argue in favor of this hypothesis, we will discuss work on functional neuroimaging, structural imaging, electrophysiology, and behavior that provides evidence for a link between high-level visual impairment and dyslexia.
format	article
author	Heida Maria Sigurdardottir Inga María Ólafsdóttir Hélène Devillez
author_facet	Heida Maria Sigurdardottir Inga María Ólafsdóttir Hélène Devillez
author_sort	Heida Maria Sigurdardottir
title	Words as Visual Objects: Neural and Behavioral Evidence for High-Level Visual Impairments in Dyslexia
title_short	Words as Visual Objects: Neural and Behavioral Evidence for High-Level Visual Impairments in Dyslexia
title_full	Words as Visual Objects: Neural and Behavioral Evidence for High-Level Visual Impairments in Dyslexia
title_fullStr	Words as Visual Objects: Neural and Behavioral Evidence for High-Level Visual Impairments in Dyslexia
title_full_unstemmed	Words as Visual Objects: Neural and Behavioral Evidence for High-Level Visual Impairments in Dyslexia
title_sort	words as visual objects: neural and behavioral evidence for high-level visual impairments in dyslexia
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f53b0a9424a34fe69409dc5a987dc27e
work_keys_str_mv	AT heidamariasigurdardottir wordsasvisualobjectsneuralandbehavioralevidenceforhighlevelvisualimpairmentsindyslexia AT ingamariaolafsdottir wordsasvisualobjectsneuralandbehavioralevidenceforhighlevelvisualimpairmentsindyslexia AT helenedevillez wordsasvisualobjectsneuralandbehavioralevidenceforhighlevelvisualimpairmentsindyslexia
_version_	1718412873238052864

Words as Visual Objects: Neural and Behavioral Evidence for High-Level Visual Impairments in Dyslexia

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