May Argyrophilic Nucleolar Organizer Regions Be Used as a Biomarker for the Detection of the Degree of Ischemic Damage Instead of Tunel in Testicular Torsion?

<i>Background and Objectives</i>: It is of great importance to obtain information about the severity of ischemic damage and duration of testicular torsion for an effective treatment strategy. Nucleolar-organizing regions (NORs) are sites of the ribosomal genes composed of ribosomal DNA a...

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Autores principales:	Murat Kabaklıoğlu, Recep Eroz, Murat Kaya
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	testis ischemia nucleolar organizer regions rDNA AgNOR Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/f57b5cb7a7a84373aaa9e2dccc372be2
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:f57b5cb7a7a84373aaa9e2dccc372be22021-11-25T18:18:20ZMay Argyrophilic Nucleolar Organizer Regions Be Used as a Biomarker for the Detection of the Degree of Ischemic Damage Instead of Tunel in Testicular Torsion?10.3390/medicina571111771648-91441010-660Xhttps://doaj.org/article/f57b5cb7a7a84373aaa9e2dccc372be22021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/57/11/1177https://doaj.org/toc/1010-660Xhttps://doaj.org/toc/1648-9144<i>Background and Objectives</i>: It is of great importance to obtain information about the severity of ischemic damage and duration of testicular torsion for an effective treatment strategy. Nucleolar-organizing regions (NORs) are sites of the ribosomal genes composed of ribosomal DNA and proteins. Post-silver staining NORs are termed “AgNOR”. Since AgNORs clearly reveals the self-renewal potential of cells damaged in ischemic events, we performed the current study. <i>Materials and Methods</i>: The study was carried out in four groups as control, sham, early, and late T/D. In the surgical groups, testes were corrected after a 4-h ischemia period. Testicular tissue samples were taken on the third day after detorsion in group 1, 2, 3, and on the tenth day after detorsion in group 4. TUNEL and silver stainings were applied to all samples. <i>Results:</i> The differences were significant among the groups for both mean AgNOR number and total AgNOR area/total nuclear area (TAA/TNA). Moreover, the differences between control and early torsion-detorsion (T/D), between control and late T/D, between sham and early T/D, between sham and late T/D, and between early T/D and late were statistically significant for AgNOR amount. Furthermore, statistically significant differences among the groups for an average number of apoptotic cells per tubule and the percentage of apoptotic tubule values were detected. <i>Discussion</i>: The apoptotic index gives the ratio of cells that are damaged and will die in a programmed way and cells that remain intact, rather than show the viability of the returning testicle. However, by measuring cells that regenerate with AgNOR, we can show not only those that survive but also cells that can repair themselves. <i>Conclusion</i>: AgNOR proteins are usable for the early observation of ischemic injury levels. The amount of AgNOR protein can enlighten us about the extent of testicular damage after T/D treatment. It may also help the physician in the development of effective treatment strategies for cases.Murat KabaklıoğluRecep ErozMurat KayaMDPI AGarticletestisischemianucleolar organizer regionsrDNAAgNORMedicine (General)R5-920ENMedicina, Vol 57, Iss 1177, p 1177 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	testis ischemia nucleolar organizer regions rDNA AgNOR Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	testis ischemia nucleolar organizer regions rDNA AgNOR Medicine (General) R5-920 Murat Kabaklıoğlu Recep Eroz Murat Kaya May Argyrophilic Nucleolar Organizer Regions Be Used as a Biomarker for the Detection of the Degree of Ischemic Damage Instead of Tunel in Testicular Torsion?
description	<i>Background and Objectives</i>: It is of great importance to obtain information about the severity of ischemic damage and duration of testicular torsion for an effective treatment strategy. Nucleolar-organizing regions (NORs) are sites of the ribosomal genes composed of ribosomal DNA and proteins. Post-silver staining NORs are termed “AgNOR”. Since AgNORs clearly reveals the self-renewal potential of cells damaged in ischemic events, we performed the current study. <i>Materials and Methods</i>: The study was carried out in four groups as control, sham, early, and late T/D. In the surgical groups, testes were corrected after a 4-h ischemia period. Testicular tissue samples were taken on the third day after detorsion in group 1, 2, 3, and on the tenth day after detorsion in group 4. TUNEL and silver stainings were applied to all samples. <i>Results:</i> The differences were significant among the groups for both mean AgNOR number and total AgNOR area/total nuclear area (TAA/TNA). Moreover, the differences between control and early torsion-detorsion (T/D), between control and late T/D, between sham and early T/D, between sham and late T/D, and between early T/D and late were statistically significant for AgNOR amount. Furthermore, statistically significant differences among the groups for an average number of apoptotic cells per tubule and the percentage of apoptotic tubule values were detected. <i>Discussion</i>: The apoptotic index gives the ratio of cells that are damaged and will die in a programmed way and cells that remain intact, rather than show the viability of the returning testicle. However, by measuring cells that regenerate with AgNOR, we can show not only those that survive but also cells that can repair themselves. <i>Conclusion</i>: AgNOR proteins are usable for the early observation of ischemic injury levels. The amount of AgNOR protein can enlighten us about the extent of testicular damage after T/D treatment. It may also help the physician in the development of effective treatment strategies for cases.
format	article
author	Murat Kabaklıoğlu Recep Eroz Murat Kaya
author_facet	Murat Kabaklıoğlu Recep Eroz Murat Kaya
author_sort	Murat Kabaklıoğlu
title	May Argyrophilic Nucleolar Organizer Regions Be Used as a Biomarker for the Detection of the Degree of Ischemic Damage Instead of Tunel in Testicular Torsion?
title_short	May Argyrophilic Nucleolar Organizer Regions Be Used as a Biomarker for the Detection of the Degree of Ischemic Damage Instead of Tunel in Testicular Torsion?
title_full	May Argyrophilic Nucleolar Organizer Regions Be Used as a Biomarker for the Detection of the Degree of Ischemic Damage Instead of Tunel in Testicular Torsion?
title_fullStr	May Argyrophilic Nucleolar Organizer Regions Be Used as a Biomarker for the Detection of the Degree of Ischemic Damage Instead of Tunel in Testicular Torsion?
title_full_unstemmed	May Argyrophilic Nucleolar Organizer Regions Be Used as a Biomarker for the Detection of the Degree of Ischemic Damage Instead of Tunel in Testicular Torsion?
title_sort	may argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions be used as a biomarker for the detection of the degree of ischemic damage instead of tunel in testicular torsion?
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/f57b5cb7a7a84373aaa9e2dccc372be2
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May Argyrophilic Nucleolar Organizer Regions Be Used as a Biomarker for the Detection of the Degree of Ischemic Damage Instead of Tunel in Testicular Torsion?

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