Site-selective mapping of metastable states using electron-beam induced luminescence microscopy

Abstract Metastable states created by electron or hole capture in crystal defects are widely used in dosimetry and photonic applications. Feldspar, the most abundant mineral in the Earth’s crust (> 50%), generates metastable states with lifetimes of millions of years upon exposure to ionizing rad...

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Autores principales:	R. Kumar, L. I. D. J. Martin, D. Poelman, D. Vandenberghe, J. De Grave, M. Kook, M. Jain
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2020
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/88373e07ac874635ad34c66313c2c4ef
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:88373e07ac874635ad34c66313c2c4ef2021-12-02T18:48:08ZSite-selective mapping of metastable states using electron-beam induced luminescence microscopy10.1038/s41598-020-72334-72045-2322https://doaj.org/article/88373e07ac874635ad34c66313c2c4ef2020-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-72334-7https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Metastable states created by electron or hole capture in crystal defects are widely used in dosimetry and photonic applications. Feldspar, the most abundant mineral in the Earth’s crust (> 50%), generates metastable states with lifetimes of millions of years upon exposure to ionizing radiation. Although feldspar is widely used in dosimetry and geochronometry, the creation of metastable states and charge transfer across them is poorly understood. Understanding such phenomena requires next-generation methods based on high-resolution, site-selective probing of the metastable states. Recent studies using site-selective techniques such as photoluminescence (PL), and radioluminescence (RL) at 7 K have revealed that feldspar exhibits two near-infrared (NIR) emission bands peaking at 880 nm and 955 nm, which are believed to arise from the principal electron-trapping states. Here, we map for the first time the electron-trapping states in potassium-rich feldspar using spectrally-resolved cathodoluminescence microscopy at a spatial resolution of ~ 6 to 22 µm. Each pixel probed by a scanning electron microscope provides us a cathodoluminescence spectrum (SEM-CL) in the range 600–1000 nm, and elemental data from energy-dispersive x-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. We conclude that the two NIR emissions are spatially variable and, therefore, originate from different sites. This conclusion contradicts the existing model that the two emissions arise from two different excited states of a principal trap. Moreover, we are able to link the individual NIR emission peaks with the geochemical variations (K, Na and Fe concentration), and propose a model that explains the quenching of the NIR emission by Fe4+. Our study contributes to an improved understanding of charge storage in feldspathic minerals, with implications for developing sub-single grain (micrometer scale) measurement techniques in radiation dosimetry.R. KumarL. I. D. J. MartinD. PoelmanD. VandenbergheJ. De GraveM. KookM. JainNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q R. Kumar L. I. D. J. Martin D. Poelman D. Vandenberghe J. De Grave M. Kook M. Jain Site-selective mapping of metastable states using electron-beam induced luminescence microscopy
description	Abstract Metastable states created by electron or hole capture in crystal defects are widely used in dosimetry and photonic applications. Feldspar, the most abundant mineral in the Earth’s crust (> 50%), generates metastable states with lifetimes of millions of years upon exposure to ionizing radiation. Although feldspar is widely used in dosimetry and geochronometry, the creation of metastable states and charge transfer across them is poorly understood. Understanding such phenomena requires next-generation methods based on high-resolution, site-selective probing of the metastable states. Recent studies using site-selective techniques such as photoluminescence (PL), and radioluminescence (RL) at 7 K have revealed that feldspar exhibits two near-infrared (NIR) emission bands peaking at 880 nm and 955 nm, which are believed to arise from the principal electron-trapping states. Here, we map for the first time the electron-trapping states in potassium-rich feldspar using spectrally-resolved cathodoluminescence microscopy at a spatial resolution of ~ 6 to 22 µm. Each pixel probed by a scanning electron microscope provides us a cathodoluminescence spectrum (SEM-CL) in the range 600–1000 nm, and elemental data from energy-dispersive x-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. We conclude that the two NIR emissions are spatially variable and, therefore, originate from different sites. This conclusion contradicts the existing model that the two emissions arise from two different excited states of a principal trap. Moreover, we are able to link the individual NIR emission peaks with the geochemical variations (K, Na and Fe concentration), and propose a model that explains the quenching of the NIR emission by Fe4+. Our study contributes to an improved understanding of charge storage in feldspathic minerals, with implications for developing sub-single grain (micrometer scale) measurement techniques in radiation dosimetry.
format	article
author	R. Kumar L. I. D. J. Martin D. Poelman D. Vandenberghe J. De Grave M. Kook M. Jain
author_facet	R. Kumar L. I. D. J. Martin D. Poelman D. Vandenberghe J. De Grave M. Kook M. Jain
author_sort	R. Kumar
title	Site-selective mapping of metastable states using electron-beam induced luminescence microscopy
title_short	Site-selective mapping of metastable states using electron-beam induced luminescence microscopy
title_full	Site-selective mapping of metastable states using electron-beam induced luminescence microscopy
title_fullStr	Site-selective mapping of metastable states using electron-beam induced luminescence microscopy
title_full_unstemmed	Site-selective mapping of metastable states using electron-beam induced luminescence microscopy
title_sort	site-selective mapping of metastable states using electron-beam induced luminescence microscopy
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/88373e07ac874635ad34c66313c2c4ef
work_keys_str_mv	AT rkumar siteselectivemappingofmetastablestatesusingelectronbeaminducedluminescencemicroscopy AT lidjmartin siteselectivemappingofmetastablestatesusingelectronbeaminducedluminescencemicroscopy AT dpoelman siteselectivemappingofmetastablestatesusingelectronbeaminducedluminescencemicroscopy AT dvandenberghe siteselectivemappingofmetastablestatesusingelectronbeaminducedluminescencemicroscopy AT jdegrave siteselectivemappingofmetastablestatesusingelectronbeaminducedluminescencemicroscopy AT mkook siteselectivemappingofmetastablestatesusingelectronbeaminducedluminescencemicroscopy AT mjain siteselectivemappingofmetastablestatesusingelectronbeaminducedluminescencemicroscopy
_version_	1718377635944333312

Site-selective mapping of metastable states using electron-beam induced luminescence microscopy

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