Molecular Detection and Characterization of Intestinal and Blood Parasites in Wild Chimpanzees (<i>Pan troglodytes verus</i>) in Senegal
Wild chimpanzee populations in West Africa (<i>Pan troglodytes verus</i>) have dramatically decreased as a direct consequence of anthropogenic activities and infectious diseases. Little information is currently available on the epidemiology, pathogenic significance, and zoonotic potentia...
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oai:doaj.org-article:cf6340cd124040f18467cbeeb0428e2c2021-11-25T16:20:39ZMolecular Detection and Characterization of Intestinal and Blood Parasites in Wild Chimpanzees (<i>Pan troglodytes verus</i>) in Senegal10.3390/ani111132912076-2615https://doaj.org/article/cf6340cd124040f18467cbeeb0428e2c2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/11/3291https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2615Wild chimpanzee populations in West Africa (<i>Pan troglodytes verus</i>) have dramatically decreased as a direct consequence of anthropogenic activities and infectious diseases. Little information is currently available on the epidemiology, pathogenic significance, and zoonotic potential of protist species in wild chimpanzees. This study investigates the occurrence and genetic diversity of intestinal and blood protists as well as filariae in faecal samples (<i>n</i> = 234) from wild chimpanzees in the Dindefelo Community Nature Reserve, Senegal. PCR-based results revealed the presence of intestinal potential pathogens (<i>Sarcocystis</i> spp.: 11.5%; <i>Giardia duodenalis</i>: 2.1%; <i>Cryptosporidium hominis</i>: 0.9%), protist of uncertain pathogenicity (<i>Blastocystis</i> sp.: 5.6%), and commensal species (<i>Entamoeba dispar</i>: 18.4%; <i>Troglodytella abrassarti</i>: 5.6%). <i>Entamoeba histolytica</i>, <i>Enterocytozoon bieneusi</i>, and <i>Balantioides coli</i> were undetected. Blood protists including <i>Plasmodium malariae</i> (0.4%), <i>Trypanosoma brucei</i> (1.3%), and <i>Mansonella perstans</i> (9.8%) were also identified. Sanger sequencing analyses revealed host-adapted genetic variants within <i>Blastocystis</i>, but other parasitic pathogens (<i>C. hominis</i>, <i>P. malariae</i>, <i>T. brucei</i>, <i>M. perstans</i>) have zoonotic potential, suggesting that cross-species transmission between wild chimpanzees and humans is possible in areas where both species overlap. Additionally, we explored potential interactions between intestinal/blood protist species and seasonality and climate variables. Chimpanzees seem to play a more complex role on the epidemiology of pathogenic and commensal protist and nematode species than initially anticipated.Pamela C. KösterJustinn Renelies-HamiltonLaia DotrasManuel LlanaCelia Vinagre-IzquierdoPetras PrakasDonatas SneiderisAlejandro DashtiBegoña BailoMarta LanzaAlejandra Jiménez-MejíasCarlota Muñoz-GarcíaAly S. MuadicaDavid González-BarrioJosé M. RubioIsabel FuentesFrancisco Ponce-GordoRafael Calero-BernalDavid CarmenaMDPI AGarticleprotistsnon-human primatesendangeredconservationPCRgenotypingVeterinary medicineSF600-1100ZoologyQL1-991ENAnimals, Vol 11, Iss 3291, p 3291 (2021) |
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topic |
protists non-human primates endangered conservation PCR genotyping Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991 |
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protists non-human primates endangered conservation PCR genotyping Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991 Pamela C. Köster Justinn Renelies-Hamilton Laia Dotras Manuel Llana Celia Vinagre-Izquierdo Petras Prakas Donatas Sneideris Alejandro Dashti Begoña Bailo Marta Lanza Alejandra Jiménez-Mejías Carlota Muñoz-García Aly S. Muadica David González-Barrio José M. Rubio Isabel Fuentes Francisco Ponce-Gordo Rafael Calero-Bernal David Carmena Molecular Detection and Characterization of Intestinal and Blood Parasites in Wild Chimpanzees (<i>Pan troglodytes verus</i>) in Senegal |
description |
Wild chimpanzee populations in West Africa (<i>Pan troglodytes verus</i>) have dramatically decreased as a direct consequence of anthropogenic activities and infectious diseases. Little information is currently available on the epidemiology, pathogenic significance, and zoonotic potential of protist species in wild chimpanzees. This study investigates the occurrence and genetic diversity of intestinal and blood protists as well as filariae in faecal samples (<i>n</i> = 234) from wild chimpanzees in the Dindefelo Community Nature Reserve, Senegal. PCR-based results revealed the presence of intestinal potential pathogens (<i>Sarcocystis</i> spp.: 11.5%; <i>Giardia duodenalis</i>: 2.1%; <i>Cryptosporidium hominis</i>: 0.9%), protist of uncertain pathogenicity (<i>Blastocystis</i> sp.: 5.6%), and commensal species (<i>Entamoeba dispar</i>: 18.4%; <i>Troglodytella abrassarti</i>: 5.6%). <i>Entamoeba histolytica</i>, <i>Enterocytozoon bieneusi</i>, and <i>Balantioides coli</i> were undetected. Blood protists including <i>Plasmodium malariae</i> (0.4%), <i>Trypanosoma brucei</i> (1.3%), and <i>Mansonella perstans</i> (9.8%) were also identified. Sanger sequencing analyses revealed host-adapted genetic variants within <i>Blastocystis</i>, but other parasitic pathogens (<i>C. hominis</i>, <i>P. malariae</i>, <i>T. brucei</i>, <i>M. perstans</i>) have zoonotic potential, suggesting that cross-species transmission between wild chimpanzees and humans is possible in areas where both species overlap. Additionally, we explored potential interactions between intestinal/blood protist species and seasonality and climate variables. Chimpanzees seem to play a more complex role on the epidemiology of pathogenic and commensal protist and nematode species than initially anticipated. |
format |
article |
author |
Pamela C. Köster Justinn Renelies-Hamilton Laia Dotras Manuel Llana Celia Vinagre-Izquierdo Petras Prakas Donatas Sneideris Alejandro Dashti Begoña Bailo Marta Lanza Alejandra Jiménez-Mejías Carlota Muñoz-García Aly S. Muadica David González-Barrio José M. Rubio Isabel Fuentes Francisco Ponce-Gordo Rafael Calero-Bernal David Carmena |
author_facet |
Pamela C. Köster Justinn Renelies-Hamilton Laia Dotras Manuel Llana Celia Vinagre-Izquierdo Petras Prakas Donatas Sneideris Alejandro Dashti Begoña Bailo Marta Lanza Alejandra Jiménez-Mejías Carlota Muñoz-García Aly S. Muadica David González-Barrio José M. Rubio Isabel Fuentes Francisco Ponce-Gordo Rafael Calero-Bernal David Carmena |
author_sort |
Pamela C. Köster |
title |
Molecular Detection and Characterization of Intestinal and Blood Parasites in Wild Chimpanzees (<i>Pan troglodytes verus</i>) in Senegal |
title_short |
Molecular Detection and Characterization of Intestinal and Blood Parasites in Wild Chimpanzees (<i>Pan troglodytes verus</i>) in Senegal |
title_full |
Molecular Detection and Characterization of Intestinal and Blood Parasites in Wild Chimpanzees (<i>Pan troglodytes verus</i>) in Senegal |
title_fullStr |
Molecular Detection and Characterization of Intestinal and Blood Parasites in Wild Chimpanzees (<i>Pan troglodytes verus</i>) in Senegal |
title_full_unstemmed |
Molecular Detection and Characterization of Intestinal and Blood Parasites in Wild Chimpanzees (<i>Pan troglodytes verus</i>) in Senegal |
title_sort |
molecular detection and characterization of intestinal and blood parasites in wild chimpanzees (<i>pan troglodytes verus</i>) in senegal |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doaj.org/article/cf6340cd124040f18467cbeeb0428e2c |
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