Primary and Phenolic Metabolites Analyses, In Vitro Health-Relevant Bioactivity and Physical Characteristics of Purple Corn (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) Grown at Two Andean Geographical Locations

Purple corn (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) is native to the Andean region, but limited research has been performed about the potential metabolic variability when grown under Andean environmental conditions. This study was aimed at evaluating the phenolic and primary polar metabolites composition o...

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Autores principales:	Lena Gálvez Ranilla, Briggite Anyela Rios-Gonzales, María Fernanda Ramírez-Pinto, Claudia Fuentealba, Romina Pedreschi, Kalidas Shetty
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	purple corn <i>Zea mays</i> L. phenolic antioxidants metabolomics hyperglycemia physical characteristics Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d874c528782648a7893e805dd0cea926
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d874c528782648a7893e805dd0cea9262021-11-25T18:20:27ZPrimary and Phenolic Metabolites Analyses, In Vitro Health-Relevant Bioactivity and Physical Characteristics of Purple Corn (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) Grown at Two Andean Geographical Locations10.3390/metabo111107222218-1989https://doaj.org/article/d874c528782648a7893e805dd0cea9262021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/11/11/722https://doaj.org/toc/2218-1989Purple corn (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) is native to the Andean region, but limited research has been performed about the potential metabolic variability when grown under Andean environmental conditions. This study was aimed at evaluating the phenolic and primary polar metabolites composition of purple corn (kernels and cobs) grown at two Peruvian Andean locations (lowland and highland) using targeted UHPLC (ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography) and untargeted GC-MS (gas chromatography mass spectrometry) metabolomic platforms, respectively. Changes in the physical characteristics and the in vitro bioactivity were also determined. Purple corn from the highland zone showed higher contents of ash, crude fiber, total phenolic contents, DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) antioxidant capacity, and α-amylase inhibitory activity in kernels, whereas increased levels of flavonoids (anthocyanins and quercetin derivatives) and ABTS [2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] antioxidant capacity were observed in cobs in comparison to lowland samples. No effect of the Andean location was found on the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity relevant for hyperglycemia management, while yield-linked physical characteristics were high in purple corn grown at the lowland zone. Polar primary metabolites related to the carbohydrate (monosaccharides, sucrose, and <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-sorbitol), amino acid (valine and alanine), and tricarboxylic acid cycle (succinic, fumaric, and aconitic acid) metabolism were higher in highland purple corn (cob and kernel) likely due to abiotic stress factors from the highland environment. This study provides the foundation for further breeding improvements at Andean locations.Lena Gálvez RanillaBriggite Anyela Rios-GonzalesMaría Fernanda Ramírez-PintoClaudia FuentealbaRomina PedreschiKalidas ShettyMDPI AGarticlepurple corn<i>Zea mays</i> L.phenolic antioxidantsmetabolomicshyperglycemiaphysical characteristicsMicrobiologyQR1-502ENMetabolites, Vol 11, Iss 722, p 722 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	purple corn <i>Zea mays</i> L. phenolic antioxidants metabolomics hyperglycemia physical characteristics Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	purple corn <i>Zea mays</i> L. phenolic antioxidants metabolomics hyperglycemia physical characteristics Microbiology QR1-502 Lena Gálvez Ranilla Briggite Anyela Rios-Gonzales María Fernanda Ramírez-Pinto Claudia Fuentealba Romina Pedreschi Kalidas Shetty Primary and Phenolic Metabolites Analyses, In Vitro Health-Relevant Bioactivity and Physical Characteristics of Purple Corn (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) Grown at Two Andean Geographical Locations
description	Purple corn (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) is native to the Andean region, but limited research has been performed about the potential metabolic variability when grown under Andean environmental conditions. This study was aimed at evaluating the phenolic and primary polar metabolites composition of purple corn (kernels and cobs) grown at two Peruvian Andean locations (lowland and highland) using targeted UHPLC (ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography) and untargeted GC-MS (gas chromatography mass spectrometry) metabolomic platforms, respectively. Changes in the physical characteristics and the in vitro bioactivity were also determined. Purple corn from the highland zone showed higher contents of ash, crude fiber, total phenolic contents, DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) antioxidant capacity, and α-amylase inhibitory activity in kernels, whereas increased levels of flavonoids (anthocyanins and quercetin derivatives) and ABTS [2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] antioxidant capacity were observed in cobs in comparison to lowland samples. No effect of the Andean location was found on the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity relevant for hyperglycemia management, while yield-linked physical characteristics were high in purple corn grown at the lowland zone. Polar primary metabolites related to the carbohydrate (monosaccharides, sucrose, and <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-sorbitol), amino acid (valine and alanine), and tricarboxylic acid cycle (succinic, fumaric, and aconitic acid) metabolism were higher in highland purple corn (cob and kernel) likely due to abiotic stress factors from the highland environment. This study provides the foundation for further breeding improvements at Andean locations.
format	article
author	Lena Gálvez Ranilla Briggite Anyela Rios-Gonzales María Fernanda Ramírez-Pinto Claudia Fuentealba Romina Pedreschi Kalidas Shetty
author_facet	Lena Gálvez Ranilla Briggite Anyela Rios-Gonzales María Fernanda Ramírez-Pinto Claudia Fuentealba Romina Pedreschi Kalidas Shetty
author_sort	Lena Gálvez Ranilla
title	Primary and Phenolic Metabolites Analyses, In Vitro Health-Relevant Bioactivity and Physical Characteristics of Purple Corn (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) Grown at Two Andean Geographical Locations
title_short	Primary and Phenolic Metabolites Analyses, In Vitro Health-Relevant Bioactivity and Physical Characteristics of Purple Corn (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) Grown at Two Andean Geographical Locations
title_full	Primary and Phenolic Metabolites Analyses, In Vitro Health-Relevant Bioactivity and Physical Characteristics of Purple Corn (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) Grown at Two Andean Geographical Locations
title_fullStr	Primary and Phenolic Metabolites Analyses, In Vitro Health-Relevant Bioactivity and Physical Characteristics of Purple Corn (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) Grown at Two Andean Geographical Locations
title_full_unstemmed	Primary and Phenolic Metabolites Analyses, In Vitro Health-Relevant Bioactivity and Physical Characteristics of Purple Corn (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) Grown at Two Andean Geographical Locations
title_sort	primary and phenolic metabolites analyses, in vitro health-relevant bioactivity and physical characteristics of purple corn (<i>zea mays</i> l.) grown at two andean geographical locations
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d874c528782648a7893e805dd0cea926
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Primary and Phenolic Metabolites Analyses, In Vitro Health-Relevant Bioactivity and Physical Characteristics of Purple Corn (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) Grown at Two Andean Geographical Locations

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